What is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is an advanced reproductive technology used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). After fertilization, embryos are allowed to develop for several days before a few cells are biopsied and tested for genetic abnormalities. The goal is to identify healthy embryos with the best chance of leading to a successful pregnancy and healthy baby.
There are three main types of PGT:
- PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy):
This type of PGT screens embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes, a condition known as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is one of the leading causes of failed IVF cycles, miscarriages, and genetic disorders like Down syndrome. PGT-A helps identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, increasing the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy. - PGT-M (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders):
PGT-M is used to screen embryos for specific genetic mutations that cause inherited conditions such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington’s disease. This test is particularly beneficial for couples with a known risk of passing on a genetic disorder. - PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements):
PGT-SR is designed to detect structural chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations or inversions, where large sections of DNA are misplaced. This type of genetic testing helps reduce the risk of miscarriage and failed embryo implantation.
Who Should Consider PGT?
PGT is recommended for individuals and couples who:
- Are at risk of passing on genetic disorders due to family history or known genetic mutations.
- Have experienced multiple miscarriages or IVF failures due to chromosomal abnormalities.
- Are of advanced maternal age (usually over 35), as the risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases with age.
- Have male factor infertility, where genetic abnormalities may be a contributing factor.
- Wish to undergo family balancing or gender selection (through PGT-A) for personal or medical reasons.
- Are carriers of structural chromosomal abnormalities, such as balanced translocations.
How is PGT Performed?
- IVF and Embryo Creation:
The first step in PGT involves a standard IVF cycle, where eggs and sperm are combined in the lab to create embryos. - Embryo Biopsy:
After the embryos develop for about 5–7 days, a few cells are gently biopsied from each embryo. This biopsy does not harm the embryo and allows for detailed genetic analysis. - Genetic Testing:
The biopsied cells are sent to a specialized genetics lab, where they are analyzed for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities based on the specific type of PGT being performed (PGT-A, PGT-M, or PGT-SR). - Embryo Selection:
Once the results are available, the embryologist selects the healthiest embryos for transfer, ensuring they have the best chance of resulting in a successful pregnancy. The remaining healthy embryos can be frozen for future use.
Benefits of PGT
- Higher Success Rates:
By screening embryos for genetic abnormalities, PGT improves the chances of a successful pregnancy and reduces the likelihood of miscarriage. - Reduced Risk of Genetic Disorders:
PGT-M helps identify embryos that are free from specific genetic mutations, giving couples at risk of inheriting genetic diseases peace of mind. - Improved IVF Efficiency:
PGT allows the selection of the most viable embryos, reducing the number of IVF cycles needed to achieve a successful pregnancy. - Family Balancing:
PGT-A can be used for gender selection, providing couples with the option to balance their family for personal or medical reasons. - Reduction in Failed Transfers:
With PGT-SR, couples with chromosomal structural rearrangements can minimize the risk of transferring embryos that would fail to implant or lead to miscarriage.
Why Choose Viva Fertility Clinic for PGT?
At Viva Fertility Clinic, we are dedicated to providing our patients with the latest advancements in reproductive technology. Our PGT services are supported by:
- Advanced Genetic Testing: We partner with leading genetic testing labs to ensure the most accurate and reliable results.
- Personalized Care: Every patient is unique, and we offer personalized guidance throughout the PGT process to ensure that your treatment aligns with your specific goals and needs.
- Comprehensive Support: From genetic counseling to detailed embryo analysis, our experienced team is here to support you at every step of the journey.
Is PGT Right for You?
If you are considering PGT as part of your fertility journey, our specialists at Viva Fertility Clinic will work with you to determine whether this advanced testing option is the right choice. We provide comprehensive consultations, helping you understand the benefits, risks, and steps involved in PGT, empowering you to make an informed decision.
Contact us today to learn more about Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) and how it can improve your chances of a successful, healthy pregnancy.