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Male Infertility Investigations

A crucial Step
In fertility assessments, male fertility tests are often the first step. At Viva Fertility Clinic, our specialists recommend conducting these tests before moving on to female evaluations, as insights from male fertility assessments can significantly guide further testing and help tailor effective treatment strategies.
Semen Analysis: The Foundation of Male Fertility Testing

Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides critical information about reproductive function and potential fertility. By combining clinical assessments with semen analysis results, our specialists can better chart the course for further investigation and treatment.
Accurate semen analysis is crucial for informed decision-making and personalized treatment. Our team is committed to providing a supportive and respectful environment throughout the testing process.

Why Undergo a Semen Analysis?

If you and your partner have been unable to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse (or six months if your partner is over 35), a semen analysis is recommended.

Preparing for a Semen Analysis: Key Considerations

Before undergoing the test, it’s essential to follow these guidelines:

  1. Abstain from sexual activity: Refrain for at least 2–3 days before the test.
  2. Timing matters: Collect the sample between 2 and 7 days after ejaculation for the most accurate results, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
  3. Avoid heat exposure: Stay away from high temperatures for 2–3 months before the test. Inform our specialists if your work or health history involves heat exposure, as it can affect results.
How Is the Semen Analysis Conducted?

The preferred method for semen collection is through masturbation. At Viva, we provide private, comfortable specimen collection rooms. Alternatively, you can collect the sample at home and bring it to the clinic, but timely delivery is essential.

Macroscopic and Microscopic Analysis

Macroscopic Analysis

This evaluates observable semen characteristics, such as:

  • Volume: Greater than 1.5 ml
  • Liquefaction: Occurs within 15–30 minutes post-ejaculation
  • Viscosity: Thread ≤ 2 cm long
  • pH: Should be around 7.2
  • Color: Typically cream/gray – opalescent
Microscopic Analysis

This process provides detailed insights into sperm quality by evaluating:

  1. Sperm Motility: Measures how well sperm move—key for fertilization.
  2. Sperm Concentration: A normal concentration is greater than 15 million/ml.
  3. Sperm Morphology: Assesses the structure of sperm, including the head, body, and tail. Well-formed sperm are more likely to fertilize an egg.
  4. Aggregation and Agglutination: Refers to clumping of sperm, which can impact fertility.
  5. Sperm Vitality: Measures the percentage of live sperm, with over 50% considered normal.
  6. Cellular Elements: Detects white blood cells, which can indicate infection or inflammation.
What If My Semen Analysis Is Abnormal?

If your semen analysis results are abnormal, don’t panic. One abnormal test doesn’t automatically mean infertility. Here’s what happens next:

  1. Repeat Testing: We may recommend repeating the test after 3–6 months. Factors like recent illness or improper abstinence can affect results.
  2. Further Testing: If results remain poor, you’ll be referred to a reproductive urologist for a more comprehensive evaluation and potential diagnosis.
Additional Tests for Abnormal Semen Analysis

If your semen analysis reveals abnormalities, additional tests may be required to further explore the cause. These tests include:

  1. Inhibin B: Measures testicular function.
  2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Regulates sperm production, and elevated levels may indicate testicular dysfunction.
  3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates testosterone production and can indicate hormonal imbalances.
  4. Testosterone: Low levels may impair sperm production.
  5. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH): Reflects testicular reserve and sperm production capacity.
Routine Health and Fertility Tests

In addition to semen analysis, we recommend routine health assessments, such as:

  • Blood Type and Rh Group: Helps assess compatibility between partners.
  • Genotype: Detects genetic variations that could affect fertility.
  • Random Blood Sugar: Ensures overall health and diabetes management.
  • Anti-HIV and Anti-HCV: Screens for HIV and Hepatitis C.
  • VDRL: Detects syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection that can affect fertility.
  • HBsAg: Screens for Hepatitis B to prevent transmission and ensure reproductive health.

See Female Investigation